Turkeys are widely recognized within the poultry industry as one of the bird species most vulnerable to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI). While all domestic poultry can be affected by this virus, turkeys tend to become infected more easily and often experience more severe illness once exposed.
Several biological and environmental factors contribute to this heightened susceptibility. Turkeys have a respiratory system that is particularly sensitive to influenza viruses, allowing the pathogen to spread quickly through airways and lung tissue. Their immune response to HPAI also appears less robust than that of other poultry, which means the virus can multiply rapidly before the body has a chance to defend itself.
Commercial turkey farms often use larger, climate-controlled barns to house thousands of birds, and these close quarters can allow the virus to move rapidly from one bird to another if it enters the flock. Because turkeys are generally raised to a larger size and over a longer growing period than chickens, they spend more time on the farm, increasing the window of potential exposure.
The impact of HPAI on turkeys is typically more severe than in other species. Infected birds may show sudden drops in feed consumption, respiratory distress, swelling, and high mortality rates. These symptoms develop quickly, giving producers little time to intervene once an outbreak begins.
Because of this vulnerability, turkey operations often implement some of the strictest biosecurity measures in the poultry industry. This includes limiting farm access, disinfecting equipment and vehicles, controlling wildlife exposure, and monitoring flocks closely for early signs of illness. Rapid reporting and testing are key steps in preventing the virus from reaching nearby farms or spreading to other regions.
While turkeys are not the only species affected by HPAI, their higher susceptibility makes them a central focus in disease prevention strategies. Protecting turkey flocks from exposure remains essential both for animal health and for ensuring the stability of the broader poultry supply chain.
