As spring unfolds, wild birds are taking to the skies, with increasing numbers of them migrating through our landscapes—trees, fields, waters, and beyond. This seasonal movement is part of a natural cycle, as many bird species travel between their breeding grounds in the north and their wintering locations in the south. In the United States, migratory birds typically follow four major flyways, with Pennsylvania situated along the Atlantic Flyway, the easternmost route.
Spring migration peaks between March and May, though some birds, such as snow and Canada geese, begin their journey earlier in the season. Along with these geese, waterfowl, raptors, vultures, and a variety of songbirds utilize the Atlantic Flyway each year.
While bird migrations are a captivating natural spectacle, they also carry an increased risk of spreading avian diseases. The large number of birds migrating through the region makes it easier for diseases like highly pathogenic avian influenza to spread. Wild birds can also carry other diseases and parasites that pose a significant threat to domestic poultry health. It’s essential for poultry producers to recognize these risks and bolster their biosecurity measures to protect their flocks.
Protecting Your Poultry from Migratory Threats
To mitigate the risks associated with migrating birds, it’s crucial to house poultry in secure enclosures with both walls and a roof. Free-range or roaming poultry face greater danger from predators, vehicles, and exposure to diseases carried by wild birds.
A solid roof on poultry enclosures not only offers protection from aerial predators but also keeps droppings from migratory birds from contaminating the area. When removing bird droppings, avoid spraying them with water, as this can disperse harmful pathogens. Instead, let the droppings dry out before cleaning to reduce the spread of disease.
Minimizing Wild Bird Attraction
Preventing wild birds from visiting poultry areas is a key aspect of disease prevention. Proper stormwater management is vital to avoid standing water, which can attract waterfowl. It’s also best to avoid installing ponds or water features close to poultry areas.
To further reduce the risk of attracting wild birds, refrain from placing bird feeders or baths near poultry structures. Clean up any spilled seeds or feed that could lure rodents, waterfowl, or pests that may carry diseases. Installing screens on windows and doors can also help keep smaller birds and pests, like sparrows and starlings, from gaining access to poultry buildings.
Deterring Nuisance Wild Birds
To discourage wild birds, particularly waterfowl and other pests, from entering poultry areas, various deterrents can be used. These include sound-emitting devices, laser systems, or other methods. In certain cases, more active measures, such as hunting, may be necessary. However, always consult local authorities such as the Game Commission or USDA Wildlife Services before taking any action, as many migratory bird species are federally protected, and interfering with them without proper permits can be illegal.
Reporting Sick or Dead Birds
If you encounter sick or deceased wild birds, do not handle them. Report these findings to the appropriate authorities for further action. Each state has a USDA Wildlife Services office that can assist with managing nuisance wildlife, and contact information can be found on their website. For Pennsylvania, the Game Commission’s toll-free number for reporting sick or dead wild birds is 833-PGC-WILD.
If you suspect your poultry may be infected with avian influenza, treat it as an emergency. Contact the USDA at 1-866-536-7593, or reach out to Pennsylvania’s 24-hour veterinary hotline at 717-772-2852, option 1.
The Importance of Biosecurity
No matter the level of risk, biosecurity should always be a top priority. Poultry producers must have a solid biosecurity plan in place and follow it consistently. Key practices include cleaning and disinfecting equipment, boots, and vehicles after entering and leaving poultry areas. Penn State Extension offers resources to help producers develop effective biosecurity plans, and their team of poultry experts is available to assist with any questions or concerns.
By taking proactive measures to protect poultry during migration season, producers can reduce the risk of disease transmission and help ensure the health and safety of their flocks.
